Pump - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A small, electrically powered pump. Horizontally mounted lobe pump (right) shown with its electric motor (left) and drive- shaft bearing (middle)A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Positive Displacement Pump. These types of pumps have a number of characteristics: Continuous energy; Conversion of added energy to increase in kinetic energy. Comparison of pumps; Cyclic pump; Drum pump; Fire pump; Gas compressor; Gerotor; Honda. A fire pump is a part of a fire sprinkler. Types of pumps used for fire. A Water Pump Primer From Pacific Fishing, March 2001. Centrifugal and displacement pumps. Other types of pumps may. Seals & Couplings Goulds Vertical Turbine Pumps 7 Adjustable Coupling (Type A) For vertical solid shaft driver, impeller adjustment made by using adjustable plate in the coupling. Adjustable Spacer Coupling (Type AS) Same. Types Of Fire Pumps Pdf To WordPumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps. Pumps operate via many energy sources, including manual operation, electricity, engines, or wind power, come in many sizes, from microscopic for use in medical applications to large industrial pumps. Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of applications such as pumping water from wells, aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the car industry for water- cooling and fuel injection, in the energy industry for pumping oil and natural gas or for operating cooling towers. In the medical industry, pumps are used for biochemical processes in developing and manufacturing medicine, and as artificial replacements for body parts, in particular the artificial heart and penile prosthesis. Single stage pump - When in a casing only one impeller is revolving then it is called single stage pump. Double/ Multi stage pump - When in a casing two or more than two impellers are revolving then it is called double/ multi stage pump. In biology, many different types of chemical and bio- mechanical pumps have evolved, and biomimicry is sometimes used in developing new types of mechanical pumps. Mechanical pumps may be submerged in the fluid they are pumping or be placed external to the fluid. Pumps can be classified by their method of displacement into positive displacement pumps, impulse pumps, velocity pumps, gravity pumps, steam pumps and valveless pumps. Types Of Fire Pumps Pdf MergeThere are two basic types of pumps: positive displacement and centrifugal. Although axial- flow pumps are frequently classified as a separate type, they have essentially the same operating principles as centrifugal pumps. Liquid flows into the pump as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume is constant through each cycle of operation. Positive displacement pump behavior and safety. Thus, positive displacement pumps are constant flow machines. However, a slight increase in internal leakage as the pressure increases prevents a truly constant flow rate. A positive displacement pump must not operate against a closed valve on the discharge side of the pump, because it has no shutoff head like centrifugal pumps. A positive displacement pump operating against a closed discharge valve continues to produce flow and the pressure in the discharge line increases until the line bursts, the pump is severely damaged, or both. A relief or safety valve on the discharge side of the positive displacement pump is therefore necessary. The relief valve can be internal or external. The pump manufacturer normally has the option to supply internal relief or safety valves. The internal valve is usually only used as a safety precaution. NFPA Installation GuideNFPA / FM / UL FIRE PUMP INSTALLATION GUIDE GUIDE TO THE INSTALLATION OF FIRE PUMPING STATIONS WITH NFPA FM OR. Inc 6710 Best Friend Road Norcross, GA 30071 USA Telephone: ++ (770) 409. An external relief valve in the discharge line, with a return line back to the suction line or supply tank provides increased safety. Positive displacement types. If rotary pumps are operated at high speeds, the fluids cause erosion, which eventually causes enlarged clearances that liquid can pass through, which reduces efficiency. Rotary positive displacement pumps fall into three main types: Gear pumps - a simple type of rotary pump where the liquid is pushed between two gears. Screw pumps - the shape of the internals of this pump is usually two screws turning against each other to pump the liquid. Rotary vane pumps - similar to scroll compressors, these have a cylindrical rotor encased in a similarly shaped housing. Centrifugal Pumps: Basics Concepts of Operation, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting, Part I By. Basics Concepts of Operation, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting, Part I By. Home Scout Guide Pump Types Guide - Find the right pump for the job. Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker. As the rotor orbits, the vanes trap fluid between the rotor and the casing, drawing the fluid through the pump. Reciprocating positive displacement pumps. Colored School in Alapaha, Georgia, USReciprocating pumps move the fluid using one or more oscillating pistons, plungers, or membranes (diaphragms), while valves restrict fluid motion to the desired direction. Pumps in this category range from simplex, with one cylinder, to in some cases quad (four) cylinders, or more. Many reciprocating- type pumps are duplex (two) or triplex (three) cylinder. They can be either single- acting with suction during one direction of piston motion and discharge on the other, or double- acting with suction and discharge in both directions. The pumps can be powered manually, by air or steam, or by a belt driven by an engine. This type of pump was used extensively in the 1. Now reciprocating pumps typically pump highly viscous fluids like concrete and heavy oils, and serve in special applications that demand low flow rates against high resistance. Reciprocating hand pumps were widely used to pump water from wells. Common bicycle pumps and foot pumps for inflation use reciprocating action. These positive displacement pumps have an expanding cavity on the suction side and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side. Liquid flows into the pumps as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume is constant given each cycle of operation. Typical reciprocating pumps are: Plunger pumps - a reciprocating plunger pushes the fluid through one or two open valves, closed by suction on the way back. Diaphragm pumps - similar to plunger pumps, where the plunger pressurizes hydraulic oil which is used to flex a diaphragm in the pumping cylinder. Diaphragm valves are used to pump hazardous and toxic fluids. Piston pumps displacement pumps - usually simple devices for pumping small amounts of liquid or gel manually. The common hand soap dispenser is such a pump. Radial piston pumps. Various positive displacement pumps. It consists of two meshed gears that rotate in a closely fitted casing. The tooth spaces trap fluid and force it around the outer periphery. The fluid does not travel back on the meshed part, because the teeth mesh closely in the center. Gear pumps see wide use in car engine oil pumps and in various hydraulic power packs. Screw pump. The screws are mounted on parallel shafts that have gears that mesh so the shafts turn together and everything stays in place. The screws turn on the shafts and drive fluid through the pump. As with other forms of rotary pumps, the clearance between moving parts and the pump's casing is minimal. Progressing cavity pump. This can be visualized as a central core of diameter x with, typically, a curved spiral wound around of thickness half x, though in reality it is manufactured in single casting. This shaft fits inside a heavy duty rubber sleeve, of wall thickness also typically x. As the shaft rotates, the rotor gradually forces fluid up the rubber sleeve. Such pumps can develop very high pressure at low volumes. Roots- type pumps. This design produces a continuous flow with equal volume and no vortex. It can work at low pulsation rates, and offers gentle performance that some applications require. Applications include: Peristaltic pump. It contains fluid within a flexible tube fitted inside a circular pump casing (though linear peristaltic pumps have been made). A number of rollers, shoes, or wipers attached to a rotor compresses the flexible tube. As the rotor turns, the part of the tube under compression closes (or occludes), forcing the fluid through the tube. Additionally, when the tube opens to its natural state after the passing of the cam it draws (restitution) fluid into the pump. This process is called peristalsis and is used in many biological systems such as the gastrointestinal tract. Plunger pumps. The suction and discharge valves are mounted in the head of the cylinder. In the suction stroke the plunger retracts and the suction valves open causing suction of fluid into the cylinder. In the forward stroke the plunger pushes the liquid out of the discharge valve. Efficiency and common problems: With only one cylinder in plunger pumps, the fluid flow varies between maximum flow when the plunger moves through the middle positions, and zero flow when the plunger is at the end positions. A lot of energy is wasted when the fluid is accelerated in the piping system. Vibration and water hammer may be a serious problem. In general the problems are compensated for by using two or more cylinders not working in phase with each other. Triplex- style plunger pumps. Adding a pulsation dampener on the pump outlet can further smooth the pump ripple, or ripple graph of a pump transducer. The dynamic relationship of the high- pressure fluid and plunger generally requires high- quality plunger seals. Plunger pumps with a larger number of plungers have the benefit of increased flow, or smoother flow without a pulsation dampener. The increase in moving parts and crankshaft load is one drawback. Car washes often use these triplex- style plunger pumps (perhaps without pulsation dampeners). In 1. 96. 8, William Bruggeman significantly reduced the size of the triplex pump and increased the lifespan so that car washes could use equipment with smaller footprints. Durable high pressure seals, low pressure seals and oil seals, hardened crankshafts, hardened connecting rods, thick ceramic plungers and heavier duty ball and roller bearings improve reliability in triplex pumps. Triplex pumps now are in a myriad of markets across the world. Triplex pumps with shorter lifetimes are commonplace to the home user. A person who uses a home pressure washer for 1. Industrial- grade or continuous duty triplex pumps on the other end of the quality spectrum may run for as much as 2,0. Run on compressed air these pumps are intrinsically safe by design, although all manufacturers offer ATEX certified models to comply with industry regulation.
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